Plant Economic Importance

No.	Category	Common Name	Botanical Name	Origin (Native Place)	Morphology	Plant Parts Used	Economic Importance
1	Millets	Finger Millet	Eleusine coracana	East Africa (Ethiopia, Uganda)	Annual grass with slender stems, tillers, and finger-like seed heads	Seeds (grains)	Staple food; gluten-free; rich in calcium and iron; used in porridges, rotis, alcoholic beverages
2	Spices	Clove	Syzygium aromaticum	Maluku Islands (Indonesia)	Evergreen tree with opposite leaves and aromatic flower buds	Flower buds	Used as a spice, in perfumes, toothpaste; traditional medicine; antiseptic and analgesic properties
3	Condiment	Bay Leaf (Tamalpatra)	Cinnamomum tamala	India, Bhutan, Nepal	Medium-sized tree with aromatic, leathery leaves	Leaves	Flavoring in culinary dishes; traditional medicine; perfumery
4	Beverages	Coffee	Coffea arabica	Ethiopia	Shrub/small tree with glossy leaves and red cherry-like berries	Seeds (coffee beans)	Major beverage crop; export product; contains caffeine and antioxidants; stimulates alertness
5	Oil yielding	Soybean	Glycine max	East Asia (China)	Annual legume with trifoliate leaves and hairy pods	Seeds	Oil source for food and industry; protein-rich meal for animal feed
6	Medicinal	Neem	Azadirachta indica	Indian subcontinent	Large evergreen tree with pinnate leaves and white fragrant flowers	Leaves, bark, seeds, oil	Antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal; used in Ayurveda, agriculture, skincare
7	Dyes	Henna	Lawsonia inermis	North Africa, Middle East, South Asia	Shrub/small tree with fragrant flowers and narrow leaves	Leaves	Natural dye for body art (mehndi) and hair coloring
8	Cosmetics	Aloe	Aloe vera	Arabian Peninsula	Succulent with thick, fleshy leaves containing clear gel	Leaf gel	Used in skin care, cosmetics, health products; healing, soothing, moisturizing
9	Timber	Teak	Tectona grandis	South & Southeast Asia	Large deciduous tree with broad leaves and small white flowers	Wood	High-quality hardwood; termite- and water-resistant; furniture, shipbuilding, flooring
10	Fibers	Cotton	Gossypium spp.	Tropical & subtropical regions worldwide	Shrubby plant with broad leaves and capsule fruits bearing lint	Seed hairs (lint)	Primary natural textile fiber; also cottonseed oil and animal feed
11	Rubber	Rubber Fig	Ficus elastica	Southeast Asia	Large tree with broad glossy leaves and aerial roots	Latex from bark	Source of natural rubber; used in tires, hoses, footwear; ornamental plant